Semantic Heterogeneity Issues on the Web

The Semantic Web is an extension of the traditional Web in which meaning of information is well defined, thus allowing a better interaction between people and computers. To accomplish its goals, mechanisms are required to make explicit the semantics of Web resources, to be automatically processed by software agents (this semantics being described by means of online ontologies). Nevertheless, issues arise caused by the semantic heterogeneity that naturally happens on the Web, namely redundancy and ambiguity. For tackling these issues, we present an approach to discover and represent, in a non-redundant way, the intended meaning of words in Web applications, while taking into account the (often unstructured) context in which they appear. To that end, we have developed novel ontology matching, clustering, and disambiguation techniques. Our work is intended to help bridge the gap between syntax and semantics for the Semantic Web construction

Cross-lingual ontology matching as a challenge for the Multilingual Semantic Web

Recently, the Semantic Web has experienced significant advancements in standards and techniques, as well as in the amount of semantic information available online. Nevertheless, mechanisms are still needed to automatically reconcile information when it is expressed in different natural languages on the Web of Data, in order to improve the access to semantic information across language barriers. In this context several challenges arise [1], such as: (i) ontology translation/localization, (ii) cross-lingual ontology mappings, (iii) representation of multilingual lexical information, and (iv) cross-lingual access and querying of linked data. In the following we will focus on the second challenge, which is the necessity of establishing, representing and storing cross-lingual links among semantic information on the Web. In fact, in a “truly” multilingual Semantic Web, semantic data with lexical representations in one natural language would be mapped to equivalent or related information in other languages, thus making navigation across multilingual information possible for software agents

Covid Experience

My personal experience about the pandemic has been for me a lesson of life from which I was able to learn many things

Cross-lingual Linking on the Multilingual Web of Data (position statement)

Recently, the Semantic Web has experienced signi�cant advancements in standards and techniques, as well as in the amount of semantic information available online. Even so, mechanisms are still needed to automatically reconcile semantic information when it is expressed in di�erent natural languages, so that access to Web information across language barriers can be improved. That requires developing techniques for discovering and representing cross-lingual links on the Web of Data. In this paper we explore the different dimensions of such a problem and reflect on possible avenues of research on that topic

Human rights and social standing of the LGBT elders. A specific issue: elder abuse

A pesar del interés cada vez mayor sobre el envejecimiento, la realidad de las personas mayores LGBT (lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y trans) permanece escasamente explorada. En ese contexto, la mera existencia de ancianos y ancianas con una orientación sexual o identidad de género diferente a la normativa resulta todavía disonante. Sin embargo, estas personas mayores son víctimas, como mínimo, de una doble discriminación: por razón de su edad (edadismo) y por razón de su orientación o identidad sexual (homofobia o transfobia). El maltrato hacia las personas mayores es una forma de violencia presente en nuestra sociedad que muestra una serie de peculiaridades en relación con la población anciana LGBT. El presente artículo analiza algunos aspectos claves de esa doble discriminación como una cuestión relacionada con los derechos humanos y conectada con las posibles situaciones de maltrato, tanto familiar como institucional, que pueden afectar a este colectivo.In spite of the growing interest on aging, the reality of elder LGBT (lesbians, gay males, bisexuals and trans people) remains underexplored. The mere existence of older men and women with a different sexual orientation or gender identity still looks strange to the eyes of society. But this people are victims at least of a double discrimination: either due to their age (ageism) or their sexual orientation or identity (homophobia or transphobia). Elder abuse is a form of violence in our society that shows certain peculiarities when connected with LGBT elders. This paper explores some key issues of this double discrimination as a human right issue that could affect this group in context of institutional and family elder abuse.Proyecto Consolider-Ingenio 2010 “El tiempo de los derechos” (CSD 2008-00007

Gender violence against elder women. A socio-legal approach

A pesar de la imagen arquetípica que parece identificar a las víctimas de la violencia de género con una mujer joven o de mediana edad, existe evidencia empírica que demuestra que también las mujeres mayores son víctimas de violencia en el marco de sus relaciones de pareja. En este artículo, más allá de la regulación legal contenida en la Ley Orgánica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género, se argumenta la necesidad de una construcción teórica autónoma de este fenómeno como una realidad con algunas dinámicas y características propias aunque conectada con otras formas de violencia familiar como la violencia de género, como categoría más amplia, o la violencia familiar contra las personas mayores. Desde esa comprensión se analiza la articulación de respuestas adecuadas en términos tanto de eficacia como de justicia.Although the typical image seems to identify gender violence with a young or middle-aged woman, there is empirical evidence which shows that older women may also be victims in their partner relationships. In this paper the need for an independent theoretical construction of its own of the phenomenon as a reality with its own dynamics and characteristics is discussed beyond the regulation of the LO 1/2004 against gender violence, even though this type of violence is related to other forms of family violence such as gender violence, as a wider category, or elder abuse. From this understanding suitable responses in terms of both of efficiency and justice are analysed

Using Cross-Lingual Explicit Semantic Analysis for Improving Ontology Translation

Semantic Web aims to allow machines to make inferences using the explicit conceptualisations contained in ontologies. By pointing to ontologies, Semantic Web-based applications are able to inter-operate and share common information easily. Nevertheless, multilingual semantic applications are still rare, owing to the fact that most online ontologies are monolingual in English. In order to solve this issue, techniques for ontology localisation and translation are needed. However, traditional machine translation is difficult to apply to ontologies, owing to the fact that ontology labels tend to be quite short in length and linguistically different from the free text paradigm. In this paper, we propose an approach to enhance machine translation of ontologies based on exploiting the well-structured concept descriptions contained in the ontology. In particular, our approach leverages the semantics contained in the ontology by using Cross Lingual Explicit Semantic Analysis (CLESA) for context-based disambiguation in phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The presented work is novel in the sense that application of CLESA in SMT has not been performed earlier to the best of our knowledge

Medio siglo de antropología filosófica en la América Latina

Fil: Gracia, Jorge J. E.

Web-Based Measure of Semantic Relatedness

Semantic relatedness measures quantify the degree in which some words or concepts are related, considering not only similarity but any possible semantic relationship among them. Relatedness computation is of great interest in different areas, such as Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, or the Semantic Web. Different methods have been proposed in the past; however, current relatedness measures lack some desirable properties for a new generation of Semantic Web applications: maximum coverage, domain independence, and universality. In this paper, we explore the use of a semantic relatedness measure between words, that uses the Web as knowledge source. This measure exploits the information about frequencies of use provided by existing search engines. Furthermore, taking this measure as basis, we define a new semantic relatedness measure among ontology terms. The proposed measure fulfils the above mentioned desirable properties to be used on the Semantic Web. We have tested extensively this semantic measure to show that it correlates well with human judgment, and helps solving some particular tasks, as word sense disambiguation or ontology matching